The Effects Of Global Warming On The Earth s Atmosphere...

Global warming occurs due to an increase in the average temperature of the earth’s atmosphere. Various reasons as discussed in task 3 lead to the rise in temperature around the earth. The reasons include deforestation, burning fossil fuels, increase in human population and increase in the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gasses such as methane, chlorofluorocarbons, nitrous oxide and water vapor in the atmosphere. (Dai, 2013) Greenhouse gasses are produced when fossil fuels or wood is burned. In other cases, when plants rot, carbon and methane are released into the atmosphere. Global warming can be controlled through the following ways: preservation of forests, minimal use of fossil fuels in energy production, efficient use of energy and use of low carbon or zero carbon technology. Conservation of forests: Forests can be preserved through prevention of deforestation and through planting more trees. The importance of forests in controlling global warming applies where the trees use up carbon dioxide during photosynthesis and therefore reduce the carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere. Carbon, which is a component of carbon dioxide, is stored in the trees and is necessary for tree growth. Therefore, preservation of trees ensures minimal circulation of carbon and its products in the atmosphere. (Spies A.S. Mori, 2013) Deforestation has currently become a daily activity and the number of trees affected is massive. Deforestation can be discouraged throughShow MoreRelatedGlobal Warming And Its Effect On Earth s Atmosphere1491 Words   |  6 Pages 1. a) Greenhouse effect is the direct natural result of Sun powering climate on the Earth. Sun’s radiation is passing through the Earth’s atmosphere which in turn causing the Earth’s surface to warm up. As an estimation, about 30% of the solar energy is bouncing back to the space as a results of the Earth’s atmosphere. The other 70% of solar energy is attracted by the Earth’s surface and atmosphere. In order to create a balance, Earth has to reflect this extra amount of energy back to space butRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effect On Earth s Surface, Oceans, And Atmosphere1165 Words   |  5 PagesGlobal warming is the gradual increase of temperature in Earth’s surface, oceans, and atmosphere. Some people may say that global warming is just a theory that has not been proven scientifically; however, I do believe that global warming is happening and that there is strong evidence about this occurrence. Such evidence includes the increase of ca rbon dioxide, the rising of sea level, the increase of acid in the ocean, and clearly, the changes in global climate. In fact, mostly all sorts of humanRead MoreThe Effects Of Global Warming On The World1267 Words   |  6 Pages Over the course of the years global warming has become a threatening issue that scientists and the government have been cognizant about. Global warming is the term used to describe a gradual increase in the average temperature of the Earth s atmosphere and its oceans, a change that is believed to be permanently changing the Earth’s climate. The earth periodically warms up and cools down. The Earth is currently going through a warming trend that coincides with the industrial revolution. ThisRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effects On The Earth927 Words   |  4 PagesGlobal-Warming Mother Earth is burning as we speak; humanity has killed our precious Earth. Global-warming is a vicious killer that was created by the humans on this Earth, and there s no way to cure it. We,as humans, have the power to cleanse the Earth, but instead we destroy it. Heat is absorded by carbon dixide and greenhouse gases. A greenhouse gas absorb thermal radiation emmited by the Earth s surface. As the sun s energy reaches the Earth’s surface some of it goes back out into spaceRead MoreClimate Change : Global Warming1194 Words   |  5 PagesDonya Curtis April 19, 2017 English 1001-rough draft Global Warming Global warming is one facet of the broader term climate change. It is the increase in the average temperature of the Earth s surface air and oceans from the mid 20th century and the projected continuation. The Global warming is primarily the consequence of building up greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere. Emission rates for most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas, CO2, have increased 120 fold in the past 140 years. WhileRead MoreAnalysis Of Earth s Blanket 1253 Words   |  6 PagesProfessor McKay GEO 1021 October 5, 2014 Earth s Blanket A great deal of chapter nine in our book, Discovering Physical Geography, discusses the various climates that exist within our world. As the chapter goes on, the book explains the past climate changes due to the numerous fluctuation in Earth s average temperature. One well known theory, the Milankovitch theory, explains that the fluctuation of Earth s temperature are due to the long-term variations in Earth s orbital eccentricity, tilt, and axialRead MoreGlobal Warming : Causes And Effects905 Words   |  4 Pagesfaced with, global warming. What is global warming? Well, global warming is a rise in the Earth s average atmospheric temperature that causes corresponding changes in climate and that may result from the greenhouse effect (which I will talk more about.) Which is when our ozone layer has a hole which gradually increases, and increases heat from the sun. This causes major problems such as the polar caps melting and increase of temperatures on Earth. The number one cause of global warming is the largeRead MoreThe Causes Of Global Warming Essay1705 Words   |  7 Pages Global warming has been for decades the center of discussion between intergovernmental agencies and world leaders, each forum aiming to discuss the causes of the global warming. Scientists have been in the front lie to figure out the causes of the global warming. The hurdles and the efforts to discern the causes of the global warming are to learn ways to counter the causes so as to prevent the earth from vanquishing in the detrimental effects of the global warming. Additionally, the effort to learnRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effect On Communities, Health, And The Climate972 Words   |  4 Pagesplanet Earth that is causing a significant and harmful effect on communities, health, and the climate. It is Global Warming which can be defined as the constant heating of Earth s surface, oceans and atmosphere. In order to understand global warming, the most importan t basic is to figure out how the of greenhouse effect plays an important part in its development. The greenhouse effect is caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) that trap heat in the atmosphere that keeps the Earth warm.Read More Negative Effects of Global Warming Essay711 Words   |  3 PagesGlobal Warming Global warming is causing a negative effect on the whole planet and we all need to do something to stop it. The climate is changing frequently and is making the planet hotter in some parts and in other parts its making it colder. There are two factors affecting global warming. The first types of factors are natural factors like changes in the solar output, changes in the earths orbit, the green house effect and aerosols. The change in the solar output is the amount of

Volume Variety Matrix Free Essays

string(29) " in extremely large volumes\." Volume-variety and design In Chapter 1 the four V’s of operations were described. These were volume, variety, variation and visibility. The first two of these – volume and variety – are particularly important when considering design issues in operations management. We will write a custom essay sample on Volume Variety Matrix or any similar topic only for you Order Now Not only do they usually go together (high variety usually means low volume, high volume normally means low variety) but together they also impact on the nature of products and services and processes which produce them. The volume and variety of an operation’s activities are particularly influential in determining the way it thinks about its performance objectives. The figure below illustrates how the definitions of quality, speed, dependability, flexibility and cost are influenced by the volume-variety position of the operation. [pic] Quality Quality in a low volume-high variety process such as an architects’ practice, for example, is largely concerned with the final aesthetic appearance of the building and the appropriateness of its detailed design. In an exceptionally high volume-low variety process, such as an electricity supply company, quality is exclusively concerned with error-free service – electricity must be constantly available in the correct form (in terms of voltage, frequency, etc. . The meaning of quality has shifted from being concerned primarily with the performance and specification of the product or service towards conformity to a predefined standard, as we move from low volume-high variety operations through to high volume-low variety operations. Speed Speed for the architects’ practice means negotiatin g a completion date with each client, based on the client’s needs and the architects’ estimates of how much work is involved in each project. Speed is taken to its extreme in the electricity utility where speed means literally instant delivery. No electricity company could ask its customers to wait for their ‘delivery’ of electricity. Speed therefore means an individually negotiated delivery time in low volume-high variety operations, but moves towards meaning ‘instant’ delivery in some high volume-low variety operations. Dependability Dependability in processes such as the architects’ practice means keeping to each individually negotiated delivery date. In continuous operations, dependability often means the availability of the service itself. A dependable electricity supply is one which is always there. So dependability has moved from meaning ‘on-time delivery’ in low volume-high variety operations to ‘availability’ in high volume-low variety operations. Flexibility Flexibility in low volume-high variety processes such as the architects’ practice means the ability to design many different kinds of buildings according to its clients’ various requirements. With the electricity company’s process, the need for product flexibility has disappeared entirely (electricity is electricity, more or less) but the ability to meet almost instantaneous demand changes through volume flexibility is vital if the company is to maintain supply. Flexibility has moved from meaning product flexibility in low volume-high variety operations to volume flexibility in high volume-low variety operations. Cost Cost, in terms of the unit cost per product or service, varies with both the volume of output of the operation and the variety of products or services it produces. The variety of products or services in low-volume operations is relatively high, which means that running the operation will be expensive because of the flexible and high skill levels employed. Further, because the volume of output is relatively low, a few products or services are bearing the operation’s high cost base. Also, and more significantly for the operation, the cost of each product or service is different. At the other end of the scale, high-volume operations usually produce similar products or services, output is high, so that whatever the base cost of the operation, it is shared among a high number of products or services. Cost per unit of output is therefore usually low for operations such as the electricity utility but, more significantly, the cost of producing one second of electricity is the same as the next second. Cost is relatively constant. Copyright  © 1995-2010, Pearson Education, Inc. Legal and Privacy Terms | [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] LINE. When product demand is high enough, the appropriate process is the assembly line. Often, this process (along with continuous; both are in the lower-right quadrant of the matrix) is referred to as mass production. Laborers generally perform the same operations for each production run in a standard and hopefully uninterrupted flow. The assem bly line treats all outputs as basically the same. Firms characterized by this process are generally heavily automated, utilizing special-purpose equipment. Frequently, some form of conveyor system connects the various pieces of equipment used. There is usually a fixed set of inputs and outputs, constant throughput time, and a relatively continuous flow of work. Because the product is standardized, the process can be also, following the same path from one operation to the next. Routing, scheduling, and control are facilitated since each individual unit of output does not have to be monitored and controlled. This also means that the manager’s span of control can increase and less skilled workers can be utilized. The product created by the assembly-line process is discrete; that is, it can be visually counted (as opposed to continuous processes which produce a product that is not naturally divisible). Almost everyone can think of an example of assembly-line manufacturing (automobile manufacturing is probably the most obvious). Examples of assembly lines in services are car washes, class registration in universities, and many fast food operations. Because the work-in-process equipment is organized and sequenced according to the steps involved to produce the product and is frequently connected by some sort of conveyor system, it is characterized as flowing in a line. Even though it may not be a straight line (some firms utilize a U-shaped assembly line) we say that it has a connected line flow. Also, firms in the lower-right quadrant (line and continuous) are classified as having a product layout. Continuous manufacturing involves lot-less production wherein the product flows continuously rather than being divided. A basic material is passed through successive operations (i. e. refining or processing) and eventually emerges as one or more products. This process is used to produce highly standardized outputs in extremely large volumes. You read "Volume Variety Matrix" in category "Papers" The product range is usually so narrow and highly standardized that it can be characterized as a commodity. Considerable capital investment is required, so demand for continuous process products must be extremely high. Starting and stopping the process can be prohibitively expensive. As a result, the processes usually run 24 hours a day with minimum downtime (hence, continuous flow). This also allows the firm to spread their enormous fixed cost over as large a base as possible. The routing of the process is typically fixed. As the material is processed it usually is transferred automatically from one part of the process to the next, frequently with self-monitoring and adjusting. Labor requirements are low and usually involve only monitoring and maintaining the machinery. Typical examples of industries utilizing the continuous process include gas, chemicals, electricity, ores, rubber, petroleum, cement, paper, and wood. Food manufacture is also a heavy user of continuous processing; especially water, milk, wheat, flour, sugar and spirits. Read more: Product-Process Matrix – strategy, organization, system, examples, manager, company, business, competitiveness, system http://www. referenceforbusiness. com/management/Or-Pr/Product-Process-Matrix. html#ixzz24d4V1uTD [pic] [pic] USING THE MATRIX The product-process matrix can facilitate the understanding of the strategic options available to a company, particularly with regard to its manufacturing function. A firm may be characterized as occupying a particular region in the matrix, determined by the stages of the product life cycle and its choice of production process(es) for each individual product. By incorporating this dimension into its strategic planning process, the firm encourages more creative thinking about organizational competence and competitive advantage. Also, use of the matrix provides a natural way to involve manufacturing managers in the planning process so they can relate their opportunities and decisions more effectively with those of marketing and of the corporation itself, all the while leading to more informed predictions about changes in industry and the firm’s appropriate strategic responses. Each process choice on the matrix has a unique set of characteristics. Those in the upper-left quadrant of the matrix (job shop and batch) share a number of characteristics, as do those in the lower-right quadrant (assembly line and continuous). Upper-left firms employ highly skilled craftsmen (machinists, printers, tool and die makers, musical instrument craftsmen) and professionals (lawyers, doctors, CPAs, consultants). Hence upper-left firms can be characterized as labor intensive. Since upper-left firms tend to utilize general-purpose equipment, are seldom at 100 percent capacity, and employ workers with a wide range of skills, they can be very flexible. However, there is a difficult trade-off between efficiency and flexibility of operations. Most job shops tend to emphasize flexibility over efficiency. Since efficiency is not a strong point of upper-left firms, neither is low-cost production. Also, the low volume of production does not allow upper-left firms to spread their fixed costs over a wide enough base to provide for reduced costs. Finally, upper-left firms are also more likely to serve local markets. Lower-right firms require production facilities that are highly specialized, capital intensive, and interrelated (therefore, inflexible). Labor requirements are generally unskilled or semi-skilled at most. Much of the labor requirement deals with merely monitoring and maintaining equipment. Lower-right firms are also more likely to serve national markets and can be vertically integrated. Hayes and Wheelwright relate three areas affected by the use of the product-process matrix: distinctive competence, management, and organization. DISTINCTIVE COMPETENCE. Distinctive competence is defined as the resources, skills, and organizational characteristics that give a firm a comparative advantage over its competitors. Simply put, a distinctive competence is the characteristic of a given product that causes the buyer to purchase it rather than the similar product of a competitor. It is generally accepted that the distinctive competencies are cost/price, quality, flexibility and service/time. By using the product-process matrix as a framework, a firm can be more precise about its distinctive competence and can concentrate its attention on a restricted set of process decisions and alternatives and a restricted set of marketing alternatives. In our discussion, we have seen that the broad range of worker skills and the employment of general-purpose equipment give upper-left firms a large degree of flexibility while the highly specialized, high-volume environment of lower-right firms yields very little in the way of flexibility. Therefore, flexibility would be a highly appropriate distinctive competence for an upper-left firm. This is especially true when dealing with the need for flexibility of the product/service produced. Lower-right firms find it very difficult to sidetrack a high-volume operation because of an engineering change in the product. An entire line would have to be shut down while tooling or machinery is altered and large volumes of possibly obsolete work-in-process are accounted for. Upper-left firms, however, would have none of these problems with which to contend. It must be noted though that lower-right firms may possess an advantage regarding flexibility of volume. Quality may be defined a number ways. If we define quality as reliability, then lower-right firms could claim this as a distinctive competence. Lower-right firms would have the high volume necessary to quickly find and eliminate ugs in their product, yielding more reliability to the end user. However, if we define quality as quality of design (that is, â€Å"bells and whistles†Ã¢â‚¬â€things that embody status, such as leather seats in an automobile or a handcrafted musical instrument), then quality would be seen as a possible distinctive competence of upper-right firms. Service may also be defined in more ways than one. If one defines serv ice as face-to-face interaction and personal attention, then upper-left firms could claim service as a distinctive competence. If service is defined as the ability to provide the product in a very short period of time (e. . , overnight), then service as a distinctive competence would belong to lower-right firms. Finally, remember that high volume, economies of scale, and low cost are characteristics of firms in the lower-right quadrant of the matrix. Upper-left firms produce low volumes (sometimes only one) and cannot take advantage of economies of scale. (Imagine, for instance, what you would have to pay for a handcrafted musical instrument. ) Therefore, it is obvious that price or cost competitiveness is within the domain of lower-right firms. MANAGEMENT. In general, the economics of production processes favor positions along the diagonal of the product-process matrix. That is, firms operating on or close to the diagonal are expected to outperform firms choosing extreme off-diagonal positions. Hayes and Wheelwright provide the example of a firm positioned in the upper-right corner of the matrix. This would appear to be a commodity produced by a job shop, an option that is economically unfeasible. A firm positioned in the lower-left corner would represent a unique one-time product produced by a continuous process, again not a feasible option. Both examples are too far off the diagonal. Firms that find themselves too far off the diagonal invite trouble by impairing their ability to compete effectively. While firms operating in the near vicinity, but not exactly on the diagonal, can be niche players, positions farther away from the diagonal are difficult to justify. Rolls Royce makes automobiles in a job shop environment but they understand the implications involved. Companies off the diagonal must be aware of traps it can fall into and implications presented by their position. Also, a firm’s choice of roduct-process position places them to the right or left of competitors along the horizontal dimension of the matrix and above or below its competitors along the vertical dimension of the matrix. The strategic implications are obvious. Of course, a firm’s position on the matrix may change over time, so the firm must be aware of the implications and maintain the capability to deal with them appropriately. The mat rix can provide powerful insights into the consequences of any planned product or process change. Use of the product-process matrix can also help a firm define its product. Hayes and Wheelwright relate the example of a specialized manufacturer of printed circuit boards who produced a low-volume, customized product using a highly connected assembly-line process. Obviously, this would place them in the lower-left corner of the matrix; not a desirable place to be. This knowledge forced the company to realize that what they were offering was not really circuit boards after all, but design capability. So, in essence, they were mass-producing designs rather than the boards themselves. Hence, they were not far off the diagonal at all. ORGANIZATION. Firms organize different operating units so that they can specialize on separate portions of the total manufacturing task while still maintaining overall coordination. Most firms will select two or more processes for the products or services they produce. For example, a firm may use a batch process to make components for products, which are constructed on assembly lines. This would be especially true if the work content for component production or the volume needed was not sufficient for the creation of a dedicated line process. Also, firms may need separate facilities for different products or parts, or they may simply separate their production within the same facility. It may even be that a firm can produce the similar products through two different process options. For example, Fender Musical Instruments not only mass produces electric guitars (assembly line) but also offers customized versions of the same product through the Fender Custom Shop (job shop). Again, the matrix provides a valuable framework for diagnostic use in these situations. OTHER USES OF THE PRODUCT-PROCESS MATRIX Additional uses of the matrix include: †¢ Analyzing the product entry and exit. †¢ Determining the appropriate mix of manufacturing facilities, identifying the key manufacturing objectives for each plant, and monitoring progress on those objectives at the corporate level. †¢ Reviewing investment decisions for plants and equipment in terms of their consistency with product and process plans. †¢ Determining the direction and timing of major changes in a company’s production processes. Evaluating product and market opportunities in light of the company’s manufacturing capabilities. †¢ Selecting an appropriate process and product structure for entry into a new market. It should be noted that recent empirical research by Sohel Ahmad and Roger G. Schroeder found the proposed relationship between product structure and process structure to be significant but not strong. In general terms, they found that as the pr oduct life cycle changes the process life cycle also shifts in the consistent direction, but not necessarily along the diagonal. Some 60 percent of the firms studied did not fall on the diagonal. The researchers propose that this occurred because new management and technological initiatives have eliminated or minimized some of the inherent trade-offs found on the Product-Process Matrix. They classify these initiatives as processing technology, product design and managerial practice (e. g. , TQM and JIT). Therefore, Ahmad and Schroeder recommend that the matrix be conceptualized as having three axes instead of two. They propose an x-axis (product life cycle stages), a y-axis (process life cycle stages), and a z-axis that represents an organization’s proactive effort towards adopting and implementing these innovative initiatives. As a firm moves away from the origin along the z-axis, it becomes able to minimize some of the trade-offs seen in the Product-Process Matrix framework. Read more: Product-Process Matrix – strategy, organization, system, examples, manager, company, business, competitiveness, system http://www. referenceforbusiness. com/management/Or-Pr/Product-Process-Matrix. h tml#ixzz24d4lyOQ5 [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] How to cite Volume Variety Matrix, Papers

The History Of Pre-Scientific Era free essay sample

In the prehistoric era, knowledge and guidance were delivered from generation to generation in an oral tradition, before the writing system develops well. They said that psychology has a long past, but a short history. The long past because psychology lies in our curiosity to understand the living lives and why. It has a short history due to it only seems like an organized body of specific in the last hundred unusual years. The variance between the prescientific psychology and science psychology is the prescience focusses on philosophical concern whereby science psychology focusses on biology and medicine.THE HISTORY OF PRE-SCIENTIFIC ERAi. Ancient Roots: which explains the terms of mystical or supernatural things and magical power to natural measures and come out the concept of good and bad.ii. Greek Roots: ancient Greek started to use guesswork and logic in understanding the natural event.iii. Philosophical roots: the early philosophersiv. In India, Buddha questioned how sensations and perceptions combined to form idea while in China, Confucius understands the power of ideas and the importance of an educated mind.v. Socrates (469-399 B.C) and his learner, Plato (428-348 B.C) believed that mind was parted from the body and mind continued to exist after death, and ideas were inherent.vi. It is different to Aristotle (348-322 B.C) recommended that the soul is not separable from the body and that knowledge (ideas) grow from experience and understanding.vii. Rene Descartes, like Plato, assumed in soul (mind) body separation but doubted how the immaterial mind and physical body connected and communicated.viii. Pre-scientific psychology with John Locke (1632-1704) said that the mind was a Tabula rasa or blank sheet, at birth, and experiences wrote on it.ix. In general, understanding of how ideas are formed. Socrates and Plato agreed that some ideas are inborn while the mind is a black slate believed by Aristotle and Locke.x. The influence of Islam in the Middle Age: They are two philosophers from the Islamic civilization and they are:†¢ Avicenna (Ibn Sina) (c. 980-1037)Abu Ali al-Husayn ibn Sina is better known in Europe by the Latinized name Avicenna. He is perhaps the most significant philosopher in the Islamic tradition and possibly the most influential philosopher of the pre-modern era. He is best known as a polymath, as a physician whose main work the Canon (al-Qanun fil-Tibb) continued to be taught as a medical textbook in Europe and in the Islamic world until the early modern period, and as a philosopher whose major summa the cure (al-Shifa) had a key impact upon European scholasticism and especially upon Thomas Aquinas (d. 1274). Primarily a metaphysical philosopher of being who was anxious with the understanding of the selfs existence in this world in relation to its contingency. Ibn Sinas philosophy is an effort to build a clear and comprehensive system that accords with the religious needs of Muslim culture.†¢ Ibn Rushd (Averroes) (1126-1198)Abu al-Walid Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Rushd, well known in the Latin West as Averroes, lived during a unique period in Western logical history, in which interest in philosophy and theology was fading in the Muslim world and just beginning to display in Latin Christendom. His influential commentaries and unique explanations on Aristotle recovered Western scholarly in ancient Greek philosophy, whose works, for the most part, had been neglected or abandoned since the sixth century.?PSYCHOLOGY SCIENCE IS BORN (SCIENTIFIC ERA)The psychology science began in 1879 when Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920) the first founder to psychological research in Leipzig, Germany. He admi nistrated the first psychology experiments by calculating individual time reaction to simple task and established the first psychology lab in Germany. Psychology as science convey beneficial to other subjects of human science as below;-STRUCTURALISMEdward Bradford Titchener joined the Cornell University faculty and introduced Structuralism can be defined as psychology as the study of the elements of consciousness which is the supposed structure of our mind. Example, describing about an apple. Apple is crisp, juicy, round, colored and sweet. Structuralism which tried to figure humans thought and elements by having the individual report on how they feel about it. Both Wundt and Titchener studied the basics (atoms) of the mind and emotion to the body.FUNCTIONALISMA school of psychology that focused on how mental psychological and behavioral processes function, on how they enable the creature to survive, adapt and flourish. It is influenced by Darwin and William James (1842-1910) who established the school of Functionalism, which conflicting Structuralism. The first textbook title Principles of Psychology was written by William James. James believed that Consciousness served as a function and the memories would expose our present actions.GESTALT PSYCHOLOGYA school of psychology established in the 20th century that provided the groundwork for the modern study of sensitivity, perceptions, on how people perceive and experience objects as the whole pattern. The word Gestalt is used in modern German to mean the way a thing has been placed or put together.Max Wertheimer (1880-1943), Kurt Koffka (1886-1941), and Wolfgang Kohler (1887-1967) were three German psychologists who introducing psychologists to various Gestalt principles.THE UNCONSCIOUS MINDSigmund Freud (1856-1939) and his followers stressed the importance of the unconscious mind and its effect on human behavior.The term Behaviorism refers to the school of psychology founded by John B. Watson. Psychological Science develops on how Watson (1913) and later Skinner emphasized the study of overt behavior as the subject matter of scientific psychology.HUMANISTIC PSYCHOLOGYFocused on each individuals potential and stressed the importance of developing, growth and self-actualization. It began as a feedback psychoanalysis and behaviorism in the 1950s. Carl Rogers (1902-1987) and Abraham Maslow (1908-1970) and a few others emphasized current environmental influences on our growth potential and our need for love and acceptance. The character of a person as a unique and organized whole. To know the person well, one needs to collect information about the individuals whole life story and experiences. All the discussed schools of thought in psychology have fade today but they have influenced psychology greatly. Psychology today selecting the best from each school and working with other scientists to improve and achieve their goals better.

This Is A Report On Alcohol. I Will Explain What Is First. Then I Will

This is a report on Alcohol. I will explain what is first. Then I will explain you what effects come with using it. Next I will tell you some risks on it. Now I will tell you where you can help. alcoholic beverages. It's Al ohol is the active chemical ingredient in beer, wine, and other a potentially addictive drug. Alcohol is a depressant of the central nervous system. It is the most widely used recreational drug in the world. Alcohol first affects the parts of the brain involving emotions and judgment. The affects on mood are unpredictable. The physiological effects of it include a progressive reduction in motor ability. It also effects vision, depth and reflexes. One risk of using alcohol is getting addicted. Another risk is that it kills cells. It also makes you forget lot of stuff. You can get help from Alcoholics Anonymous. You can also get help from Alateen. The other way is for other family members is Al-Anon. I hope you are not going to use alcohol. Alcohol is dangerous. Thank you for reading my report.

Jamie Thomas essays

Jamie Thomas essays Jamie Thomas was born in 1974, Dothan, Alabama. Jamie Thomas was the fourth child and a very independent one. He did everything to fit in as a kid. He was the fourth child. Every child in his family was a little rebellious. So when they had him they decided that they have had enough ( Brunett, Pgs 60-61). As a kid Jamie raised himself in a sense. His mom taught him a lot of things but most of the things he had to learn on his own. He Probably had to learn a lot more things on his own than the average child. When Jamie was growing up he was probably the best skater in his town, since there wasnt a lot of skaters in Alabama. Jamie lived in Alabama for a long time. Jamie got a lot of attention as a kid because he was a skateboard kid ( Brunett, Pgs 62-63). When Jamie was young he did all the basics to fit in: the Mohawk, the shaved head, the bleached hair and whatever else was necessary. When Jamie was growing up the kids that were older were always better at skating than him. A lot of the kids over there either quit skating or got hurt. Jamies parents were always there for him. And they were there when he was in trouble to tell him right from wrong. But usually it took him getting in trouble first ( Online 2 ). While Jamie was growing up his mom was always supportive of everything he did. And his dad was just supportive of school. Jamie was always in a little bit of trouble. He wanted to make the most of school so he always had some fun. Since Jamie wasnt eighteen when he quit he couldnt formally quit on his own. So Jamies mom signed him out for him ( Brunett, Pgs 64-65). Jamie got suspended for five or eight days. Jamie turned seventeen two weeks before he quit school. If he didnt quit he would have failed anyway. Before Jamie came to California he had to work double shifts to save for a car. After Jamie dropped out he was looking forward to come to Calif...

Learn About the Central Asian Country of Afghanistan

Learn About the Central Asian Country of Afghanistan Population: 28,395,716 (July 2009 estimate)Capital: KabulArea: 251,827 square miles (652,230 sq km)Bordering Countries: China, Iran, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and UzbekistanHighest Point: Noshak at 24,557 feet (7,485 m)Lowest Point: Amu Darya at 846 feet (258 m) Afghanistan, officially called the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a large landlocked country located in Central Asia. About two-thirds of its land is rugged and mountainous and much of the country is sparsely populated. Afghanistans people are very poor and the country has recently been working to achieve political and economic stability despite the reemergence of the Taliban, following its fall in 2001. Afghanistans History Afghanistan was once a part of the ancient Persian Empire but was conquered by Alexander the Great in 328 B.C.E. In the 7th century, Islam arrived in Afghanistan after Arab peoples invaded the area. Several different groups then tried to run Afghanistans lands until the 13th century when Genghis Khan and the Mongol Empire invaded the area. The Mongols controlled the area until 1747 when Ahmad Shah Durrani founded what is present-day Afghanistan. By the 19th century, Europeans began entering Afghanistan when the British Empire expanded into the Asian subcontinent and in 1839 and 1878, there were two Anglo-Afghan wars. At the end of the second war, Amir Abdur Rahman took control of Afghanistan but the British still played a role in foreign affairs. In 1919, Abdur Rahmans grandson, Amanullah, took control of Afghanistan and began a third Anglo-Afghan war after invading India. Shortly after the war began however, the British and Afghans signed the Treaty of Rawalpindi on August 19, 1919 and Afghanistan officially became independent. Following its independence, Amanullah attempted to modernize and incorporate Afghanistan into world affairs. Beginning in 1953, Afghanistan again closely aligned itself with the former Soviet Union. In 1979, though, the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan and installed communist group in the country and occupied the area with its military occupation until 1989. In 1992, Afghanistan was able to overthrow Soviet rule with its mujahideen guerrilla fighters and established an Islamic Jihad Council that same year to take over Kabul. Shortly thereafter, the mujahideen began having ethnic conflicts. In 1996, the Taliban then began rising in power in an attempt to bring stability to Afghanistan. However, the Taliban imposed strict Islamic rule on the country which lasted until 2001. During its growth in Afghanistan, the Taliban took many rights from its people and caused tensions throughout the world after the September 11 terrorist attacks in 2001 because it allowed Osama bin Laden and other Al-Qaida members to remain in the country. In November 2001, after United States military occupation of Afghanistan, the Taliban fell and its official control of Afghanistan ended. In 2004, Afghanistan had its first democratic elections and Hamid Karzai became Afghanistans first president via election. Government of Afghanistan Afghanistan is an Islamic Republic that is divided into 34 provinces. It has executive, legislative and judicial branches of government. Afghanistans executive branch consists of a head of government and chief of state, while its legislative branch is a bicameral National Assembly made up of the House of Elders and the House of People. The judicial branch is comprised of a nine member Supreme Court and High Courts and Appeals Courts. Afghanistans most recent Constitution was ratified on January 26, 2004. Economics and Land Use in Afghanistan Afghanistans economy is currently recovering from years of instability but it is considered one of the poorest nations in the world. Most of the economy is based on agriculture and industry. Afghanistans top agricultural products are opium, wheat, fruits, nuts, wool, mutton, sheepskins and lambskins; while its industrial products include textiles, fertilizer, natural gas, coal and copper. Geography and Climate of Afghanistan Two-thirds of Afghanistans terrain consists of rugged mountains. It also has plains and valleys in the northern and southwestern regions. The valleys of Afghanistan are its most populated areas and much of the countrys agriculture takes place either here or on the high plains. Afghanistans climate is arid to semiarid and has very hot summers and very cold winters. More Facts about Afghanistan Afghanistans official languages are Dari and Pashto Life expectancy in Afghanistan is 42.9 years Only ten percent of Afghanistan is below 2,000 feet (600 m) Afghanistans literacy rate is 36% References Central Intelligence Agency. (2010, March 4). CIA - the World Factbook - Afghanistan. Retrieved from: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/af.html Geographica World Atlas Encyclopedia. 1999. Random House Australia: Milsons Point NSW Australia. Infoplease. (n.d.). Afghanistan: History, Geography, Government, Culture -Infoplease.com. Retrieved from: infoplease.com/ipa/A0107264.html United States Department of State. (2008, November). Afghanistan (11/08). Retrieved from: state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5380.htm

Emigration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Emigration - Essay Example In 2011 alone, the United States, which has the largest number of immigrants in the world, received 87,000 permanent residents from China (â€Å"Wary Future, Professionals Leave China†). Consequently, the increasing number of immigrants has resulted to a number of research studies to understand this phenomenon. One effective way to understand the concept of emigration in the present time is to examine its causes. People emigrate for various reasons, but the most common causes are education, employment, freedom, and war. These causes are the prime motivation for people around the world to emigrate to other countries. Education, which is a product of globalization, is one of the leading causes of emigration. Globalization has pushed immigrant children to move to the first world countries like the United States to obtain their education. People seek for a better quality of education for them to be globally competitive and hirable in their own chosen fields. Education in the form of research and development is another result of globalization. Academicians accomplish their research studies in other countries where they are able to utilize more advanced facilities and technological equipments to get better results. Scholarships also largely contribute to the number of immigrants in the academe. It enables immigrants to avail low cost and yet high quality education through scholarships. Employment is another leading reason for emigration as people in poor countries work overseas. As developed countries have good economic conditions, industries in these countries offer much higher salaries than poor countries do. In addition, the worker’s rights and benefits are top priorities for these countries as developed countries have more stable policies that protect employees’ welfare. Lastly, these countries have high employment rate that means that they offer many job opportunities. Other people emigrate to find more freedom in the things that

Opinion Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Opinion - Research Paper Example Everyone seems to care for the prolongation of the life of a beloved one, no matter the extent of socioeconomic demand thereon. For instance, psychological and medical facts supporting the possibility of terminally ill persons making a dramatic comeback from their conditions within the framework of support and care counter the propensity to implement the rights to be aided to end life. The family bond is so strong that the contemplation of assisting aiding someone to end their life is usually not commonly adopted. The patient’s rights to die may be abused for a number of reasons, creating a deliberate move to eliminate persons who need care and probably make a comeback in their health. The case of reported Dutch euthanasia data illustrates the magnitude of risks that a society may have to contend with, if the procedures of aided death fail to observe humane treatment of human dignity. Families must take a more central role in supplementing the national healthcare system in providing care to the aged, since the overstretched system will increasingly find it difficult to cover everyone. Under such conditions, the risks of euthanasia to the sociocultural fabric will continue to loom in the American society (Pevtzow, 2011). Under the conditions of a growing population of aged persons with high dependence of care to survive, healthcare systems find the burden of balancing service delivery to productive population unbearable. The astronomical costs involved in the care-intensive service to the very old always leads to debates on whether elimination of the persons would make healthcare systems sustainable for the populations. However, as illustrated above, stronger social factors tend to keep the life of the aged closer to the family structure than elimination of their life at will. Abuse of the right to die for the terminally ill, most of which are the aged may be supported by cold family members

Revenge in Hamlet Essay Example for Free

Revenge in Hamlet Essay â€Å"Hamlet is the finest of all plays in the English revenge tradition† (Shakespeare, IV). The recurring theme in William Shakespeare’s play, Hamlet, is revenge, every character in this play wants revenge on someone else. Revenge in this play means murder. From the beginning right through until the end of the book, there are three instances where revenge is seen; the ghost of Hamlet senior wants revenge on Claudius, Hamlet wants revenge on Claudius and Laertes wants revenge on Hamlet. Hamlet is the most serious play on revenge because of all the questions asked (Shakespeare, IV). At the very beginning of Hamlet, Hamlet seniors ghost appears to his son, Hamlet and demands revenge on his brother, Claudius. Claudius murders his brother because he wants to become king, his ambition and he wants to have the Queen Gertrude as his wife. When the ghost of Hamlet senior appears to Hamlet he says, â€Å"So art thou to revenge when thou shalt hear† (1.5. Line 7). Once Hamlet discovers that Claudius is the murderer of his father, Hamlet shall find revenge on his uncle. Also during the ghost’s appearance he tells his son to revenge Claudius’ soul in an unnatural murder, â€Å"Revenge his soul and most unnatural murder† (1.5. Line 25). Hamlet senior wants his son, Hamlet to find revenge on Claudius for his death and stealing his Queen. Now that Hamlet knows about his fathers murder and who actually caused it, he wants revenge. Hamlet wants revenge on his uncle, King Claudius for his fathers death. There are several chances that Hamlets has had throughout the play to get back at Claudius, but each time he hesitates and waits for better timing and different circumstances. During Act three, Scene three of Hamlet, Hamlet draws his sword and says to himself, â€Å"To take him in the purging of his soul,/ When he is fit and seasoned for his passage?/ No./ Up, sword, and know thou a more horrid hent† (3.3. Lines 85-89). Hamlet has a chance to avenge his father, but hesitates. Later on in the play, Hamlet has another chance to kill his uncle, â€Å"Here, thou incestuous, murderous, damned Dane,/ Drink off this potion. Is thy union here?/ Follow my mother† (5.2. Lines 318-320). Hamlet finally avenges his father and kills King Claudius. Finally, there is the revenge Laertes wants from Hamlet for his father’s death and his sister’s insanity. Laertes discovers Hamlet is home and wants his revenge. During act three, scene four of Hamlet, Hamlet murders Polonius, Laertes’ father and he lead Ophelia, Laertes’ sister to insanity.  As Laertes was conversing with the King, he says, â€Å"I dare damnation. To this point I stand,/ That both the worlds I give to negligence,/ Let come what comes, only I’ll be reveng’d/ Most throughly for my father† (4.5. Lines 132-135). At the point Laertes is at, he does not care what happens to himself as long as he finds avenge on his father and his sister. Laertes decides that he will wait until he is able to get back at Hamlet, he says â€Å"And so have I a noble father lost,/ A sister driven into desp’rate terms,/ Whose worth, if praises may go back again,/ Stood challenger on mount of all the age/ For her perfections. But my revenge will come† (4.7. Lines 25-29). Laertes never did get his revenge on Hamlet, as Hamlet actually kills Laertes. As it has been proven, Shakespeare’s play Hamlet has a recurring theme of revenge and each case of revenge resulted in a death. Everyone wants their revenge on someone! In Hamlet, revenge is a serious matter because of its results. Hamlet senior’s ghost and Hamlet both receive their revenge on Claudius when he is killed by Hamlet. Laertes wants his revenge on Hamlet but Hamlet kills Laertes before he gets the chance. Works Cited Shakespeare, William. Hamlet. New York: Oxford University Press., 2002. Print

Struggle for Dominance and Mastery in Jack Londons The Call of the Wil

Struggle for Dominance and Mastery in Jack London's The Call of the Wild Isn't it funny how life itself is not just a fight for survival, but more a fight for mastery? Some people are satisfied with just survival, but some strive to be the best they can be during their life. In the novel, The Call of the Wild (1903), by Jack London, the author demonstrates life's struggles for dominance while following the life of a magnificent dog named Buck. Buck was living a peaceful, laxadazical life on a California estate when he is stolen and taken to the Klondike region of Canada, due entirely to the discovery of gold. In a matter of days, Buck's life makes a 180 degree turn when he finds himself in the harsh weather of Canada pulling a sled day after day. All this time, Buck is in a life and death struggle for dominance. Once he finally meets a master of his equal, his life is almost perfect. As life throws its curves, Buck finds himself being pulled away from his equal owner, Jack London. When Jack is later killed by the Yeehat Indians, Buck has to go out on his own and continue his tre... Struggle for Dominance and Mastery in Jack London's The Call of the Wil Struggle for Dominance and Mastery in Jack London's The Call of the Wild Isn't it funny how life itself is not just a fight for survival, but more a fight for mastery? Some people are satisfied with just survival, but some strive to be the best they can be during their life. In the novel, The Call of the Wild (1903), by Jack London, the author demonstrates life's struggles for dominance while following the life of a magnificent dog named Buck. Buck was living a peaceful, laxadazical life on a California estate when he is stolen and taken to the Klondike region of Canada, due entirely to the discovery of gold. In a matter of days, Buck's life makes a 180 degree turn when he finds himself in the harsh weather of Canada pulling a sled day after day. All this time, Buck is in a life and death struggle for dominance. Once he finally meets a master of his equal, his life is almost perfect. As life throws its curves, Buck finds himself being pulled away from his equal owner, Jack London. When Jack is later killed by the Yeehat Indians, Buck has to go out on his own and continue his tre...

Professional School Counseling Essay

The 5 themes are character education, bullying, social-conflict, academics, and mental illness. Additionally, this paper will include important elements of school counselor identity, function and ethics. A section of the paper will give biblical values and insights related to the subject of professional school counseling. The experience of research has provided the reader with the personal reflections concerning school counseling and a discussion of the commitment to provide biblically grounded, ethical and empirically based services from the point of view of the writer. Introduction Children are in a society where the world is rapidly changing. Due to influx of social and economic changes and problems that are brewing within the homes of our students: these problems tend to spill over into the schools. The problems that are presented in the schools are escalating, when you think that things are improving. The purpose of this paper is to give some insight on the problems that professional school counselors faced in our schools. Every problematic area is not covered in this paper because it is so much research on many degrees of issues that professional counselors face. We propose that with the proper training, programs and support of the schools, counselors will be able to see a positive change. History and Development The factors leading to the development of guidance and counseling in the United States began in the 1890s with the social reform movement. Formal guidance programs using specialized textbooks did not start until the turn of the twentieth century. In 1958 the National Defense Education Act (NDEA) was enacted, providing aid to education in the United States at all levels, public and private. One of the consequences was the compulsory education movement and shortly thereafter the vocational guidance movement, which, in its early days, was concerned with guiding people into the workforce to become productive members of society. The social and political reformer Frank Parsons is often credited with being the father of the vocational guidance movement. His work with the Civic Service House led to the development of the Boston Vocation Bureau (Sandhu, 2000). Guidance and counseling in these early years were considered to be mostly vocational in nature, but as the profession advanced other personal concerns became part of the school counselor’s agenda. Introduction of Topic Professional school counselors are certified and licensed educators with a minimum of a master’s degree in school counseling that make them uniquely qualified to address all students’ academic, personal/social and career development needs by designing, implementing, evaluating and enhancing a comprehensive school counseling program that promote and enhance student success (Sandhu, 2000). Professional school counselors are employed in elementary, middle/junior high and high schools; in district supervisory positions; and counselor education positions. Professional school counselors uphold the ethical and professional standards of ASCA and other applicable professional counseling associations, and promote the development of the school counseling program based on the following areas of the ASCA National Model: Foundation, delivery, management and accountability. Five Aspects

Modules 9 & 10

REFLECTION JOURNALName:Modules 9 & 10 Module 9: Critical Vehicle SystemsAfter reading about the maintenance and safety of your vehicle in Module 9, please answer the following questions (using complete sentences, proper spelling and grammar).Which car system or feature listed in Module 9 do you think is most important? The seat belt is the MOST important feature in the car to me.Why is that particular feature so important? Because it will and can save my life in a car accident or a very sudden stop.How do you benefit from that feature? When I buckle it I know that I’m safe and secure.If we were to come close or get into a car accident I know that I would not be throwing from out of the car.Module 10: Sharing the Road with Others Stops and Starts: Reflect on Module 10 and the entire course. Look back at your journal entries. When explaining, please answer in complete sentences, using proper spelling and grammar.Being the Driver: Stops: Using the information learned in this cour se, name three things you will not do when driving.I will NEVER use drugs or alcohol behind the wheel of the car, drinking and using drugs are irrelevant towards my life. My life is much more than that.I will never text or talk on the phone when driving, the road will always have my undivided attention.I will never show out behind the wheel of a car, I can very much injure myself or a person inside or around the car.Explain why you will not do these things while driving.I will not do these things because I can lose my life or take someone else life, a car is a machine that is controlled by me I am controlling it and if I were to do any of those things I would not be controlling it like I should be.Starts: Using the information learned in this course, name three things you will do when driving.I will watch out for pedestrians and make sure that I am making a complete stop at a stop sign. I will check all the mirrors before driving and put my seat belt on.Make sure that I am paying at tention to the roads and everything that surrounds me.I will make sure that I pay attention to all the signs on the roads and make sure that I read them correctly.Explain why you will do these particular things when driving.These are the rules and regulations of the roads and also laws that will make us become better drivers and respect the roads, other driver and also ourselves.Riding as a Passenger: Write about one thing you will stop doing as a passenger.Bothering the driver while they are driving and let them pay attention to the road. Write about one thing you will start doing as a passenger.Making sure everyone in the car has on their seat belts.

La Vida de Frida Kahlo (The Life of Frida Kahlo) essays

La Vida de Frida Kahlo (The Life of Frida Kahlo) essays Frida Kahlo era una artista brillante de Mxico cuyas obras de arte reflejan su vida emocionalmente y fà ­sicamente dura. Mas conocido por sus autorretratos, la profundidad y el tono adicionados que Kahlo trajo a sus obras surrealistas ganaron la adulacin de sus contemporneos, incluyendo Andr Breton, reconocido como el padre de surrealismo. El simbolismo en su arte a veces puede desafiar un interpretacin singular; el igual es la verdad para las emociones expresadas por Kahlo. La vida de Kahlo fue marcada por los desafà ­os fà ­sicos que criaron el dolor emocional que ella se sentà ­a. Naci en Mxico en 1907, ella era un ni con poliomielitis. Esta enfermedad dej Kahlo con un pie derecho disfuncinado. A dieciocho an entre un autobà ºs y una carretilla de la calle causado una barandilla perforarse el abdomen, da tambin ella nunca podrà ­a tener ni de esta prdida serà ­an representadas en su trabajo. Ms de 4 veces, ella perderà ­a un embarazo por abortos. Sin embargo el dolor fà ­sico no puede comparar con el dolor emocional que trajo. La vida emocional de Kahlo fue puesta a tierra por su vida fà ­sica. Una relacin otro artista - Diego Rivera, traà ­do una unin, un divorcio y una re-unin, asà ­ como la mudanza constante para que Diego trabaje. Este mudanza constante combinado con su unin turbulenta, incit Kahlo para reflejar sobre su vida, las reflexiones que se manifestaron en su arte. Kahlo tenà ­a una sentida polà ­tica. Como una joven, ella apoy la partida comunista. Su asunto con Le ...

How to Read and Understand a Difficult Book or Chapter

How to Read and Understand a Difficult Book or Chapter Weve all encountered chapters or books that we just cant get into or we dont understand. There are lots of reasons for this: sometimes were required to read about a topic that is just plain boring, sometimes we try to read material that is written way above our current reading level, and sometimes we find that the writer is just plain bad at explaining things. It happens. If you find yourself reading an entire chapter or book several times without understanding it, try taking the following steps. Be sure to do steps 1 to 3 before you jump in to read the text. Difficulty: Hard Time Required: Differs by length of written material What You Need: A difficult book or passageNote paperPencilSticky note flagsQuiet room How to Do It 1. Read the introduction and reflect.  Any nonfiction article or book will have an introductory section that gives an overview of the main points. Read this first, then stop, think, and soak it in.Reason: All textbooks on a certain topic are not created equal! Every writer has a certain theme or point of view, and that will be introduced in your introduction. Its important to understand this theme or focus  because it will help you to recognize why certain examples or comments appear in your reading. 2. Look at the sub-headings. Most books or chapters will progress in some manner, whether they show a progression of time or an evolution of ideas. Look over the topics and try to find the pattern.Reason: Writers begin the writing process with an outline. The subheadings or subtitles you see in your text show you how the author started when organizing his/her thoughts. Subtitles show the overall subject broken down into smaller segments which are arranged in the most logical progression.   3. Read the summary and reflect.  Right after you read the introduction and subheadings, flip to the back of the chapter and read the summary.Reason: The summary  should re-state the points that were mentioned in the introduction. (If they dont, then this really is a difficult book to understand!) This reiteration of the main points may offer the material in more depth or from a different viewpoint. Read this section, then stop and soak it in. 4. Read the material. Now that youve had time to understand the points the author is trying to convey, youre more apt to recognize them when they come along. When you see a major point, flag it with a sticky note.   5. Take notes. Take notes and, if possible, make a brief outline as you read. Some people like to underline words or points in pencil. Only do this if you own the book. 6. Watch for lists. Always look for code words that tell you a list is coming. If you see a passage that says There were three major effects of this event, and they all impacted the political climate, or something similar, you can be sure there is a list following. The effects will be listed, but they may be separated by many paragraphs, pages, or chapters. Always find them and make note of them. 7. Look up words you dont understand. Dont be in a rush! Stop whenever you see a word that you cant immediately define in your own words.Reason: One word can indicate the entire tone or view of the piece. Dont try to guess the meaning. That can be dangerous! Make sure to look up the definition. 8. Keep on plugging through. If youre following the steps but you still dont seem to be soaking in the material, just keep reading. Youll surprise yourself. 9. Go back and hit the highlighted points. Once you get to the end of the piece, go back and review the notes youve made. Look over the important words, points, and lists.Reason: Repetition is the key to retaining information. 10. Review the introduction and summary. When you do, you may find that youve absorbed more than you realized. Tips Dont be hard on yourself. If this is hard for you, its probably just as hard for other students in your class.Dont try to read in a noisy environment. That might be ok under other circumstances, but its not a good idea when attempting difficult reading.Talk to others who are reading the same material.You can always join the homework forum and ask advice from others.Dont give up!

Looking for richard Documentary Movie Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Looking for richard Documentary Movie - Essay Example From his impromptu interviews in the streets of New York and the Global Theatre in London, we glean that indeed a lot of people regard a Shakespearean play as all Greek to them. Someone even wryly commented, â€Å"it sucks†. Pacino clearly attempts to modernize this Shakespearean tragedy, lacerate all the 16th century trappings cloaking it and present it under a new light influenced by 21st century modernism. In other words, he wants to make it hip. We can just surmise that Pacino, who was a high school dropout, had belabored Shakespeare in his high school days because of the 16th century lingo that helped to make his high school days exasperating and a survival of the fittest contest. to elucidate and instruct us on the intricacies and character motivations of a Shakespearean play. He particularly disentangles the complexity of the theme in Richard III and outlines in order to simplify the complex relationships by the character personae involved in the War of the Roses i.e. the Houses of York and Lancaster. He teaches us that Richard III is all about the intense competition by both houses to take accession to the throne of England and the ambition and lust for power even within one family and the use of unscrupulous and Machiavellian means to eliminate all those who stand in the way to one’s inexorable march to the throne. Pacino also attempts to show theater afficionados the hectic preparations needed to stage-manage a Shakespearean play. He thus assembles his cast, rehearses them for particular scenes while intermittently analyzing and dissecting the elements composing that segment and possibly to ease the strain of the Shakespearean denouement, he clowns around. Then the actors lay bare their Shakespearean souls with all the intensity they can muster by enacting specific scenes of the play. There was Lady Anne

America became a culturally distinct place from England during the Essay

America became a culturally distinct place from England during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Using information about decorative arts, architecture, - Essay Example One of the cultural differences that emerged between England and America was in speech. Americans no longer carry even a hint of a British accent. The Americans created a new unique form of English. Several reasons can explain this phenomenon. First and foremost Americans wanted to show their lack of class. Classes such as nobility, middle, and lower classes had their own accents in England. America wanted everyone to be equal. Thus by speaking slurred English, Americans showed their solidarity with one another (Larkin, 1989: 154). The melting pot of cultures that came to America also contributed to the unique English. Germans, Italians, Irish, African, and many other cultures collided with their accents making the American accent. Americans did not want to create an English Colony, they wanted to create a new country with a new language. American English is also written differently than British English. For example, Americans write center, whereas the British write centre. The British do not write words ending in er, but use re. The lack of reading material in the beginning of the Colonies might have contributed to the misspelling of words, which in turn created this whole new distinctive English (Larkin, 1989: 36). Words for common things also became different. In England, a queue is a line in America. This could be created to the illiterate, which spelled the words wrong, with a new generation adopting them, or a deliberate attempt to leave their English roots behind. The Americans created a new version of English that is still around today. Art in America reflected the culture that the artist came from. Pictures of farmers, landscapes, and hardships started appearing in the seventeenth and eighteenth century (Larkin, 1989: 176). These paintings were exclusively American, since they depicted American life. American Gothic, Old Virginia Home, and The Declaration of

Brief synopsis of research proposal - NGOs in Saudi Arabia; Essay

Brief synopsis of research proposal - NGOs in Saudi Arabia; Strategies, Development and Marketing Management - Essay Example Known in its all forms as the â€Å"non-profit,† â€Å"nongovernmental,† â€Å"voluntary,† â€Å"civil society,† â€Å"third,† or â€Å"independent† sector, this set of institutions includes within it a new bewildering array of entities brought by the younger generation of today, who have usually studied abroad. Furthermore, the least contribution of Saudi citizen in political sphere is to be involved in the non-profit sector. The government’s openness towards the political contribution of citizens is allowed through the involvement in third sector. Therefore, Saudi elite have entered in the so-called ‘civil society’ in its mere concept free from any political implications. This has created a conflict among the society, whether to accept the terminology or to change to other words to be more appropriate culturally and religiously. Despite the division in deciding the name by which it shall be called, majority have agreed on the lofty goal behind the concept in its social dimension -the act of kindness. In the past few decade numbers of non-profit organizations were established in Saudi, these coherent organizations had built a strong relationship with the state. Their activities are mostly based on the philanthropy and socio- religious developments. With the impact of modernization, the well-known traditional groups were bound to fade under its influence, followed by the emergence of a new group of educated Middle Class advocating political agenda. This has created a sort of threat and confusion within the government. New boundaries had to be established to deal with the new language without raising conflicts. In contrast, looking from a positive side through the lens of development, modernization brought new concepts to the realm of the third sector. Insofar, it has been considered a good turning point; the misconceptions of new ideologies

The Current Existing Strategy Marketing Essay

The Current Existing Strategy Marketing Essay Firstly, the Nyam Nyam product is produce by Arnotts company from Australia. Arnotts is a large food companies in Asia Pacific region such as New Zealand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore and Japan. The Arnotts company was grown up during the past 146 years ago. One of the company was invested to Arnotts company is Campbell Soup Companys and its iconic brands. So, the Campbell Soup Company as synonymous with Arnotts company selling the favourite biscuits and snacks. Besides that, Campbell Soup company are selling the Nyam Nyam product which is different types of flavor such as Chocoberry, Chocolate, Rice Crispy, Strawberry, Sugar Rice, Mr.Nyam Nyam and Teddy Chocochips. The Anotts company was created a good environment to identify opportunity for reducing water consumption and minimize the use of packaging material which can use recycled material. It also create a Arnotts Foundation to provide a donation to help poor children can study well. Besides that, I think that the Arnotts compa ny has done a good job to satisfy consumer needs and protect earth environment. On the other hands, most properly of the Nyam Nyam product imported from Australia as well as Indonesia. In Indonesia, the manufacturer to produce the Nyam Nyam product as a another franchise manufacture export to another countries. They also maintain the great tasting and quality biscuits to attract the target audience to buy it. It also consider a good choice for consumer to try for it. The Campbell Soup company no just selling the Arnotts product but also selling other brand which is Pergo, Kimball, V8, Cheong Chan and etc. They also leading company specializing in the manufacturer of the sauce and soup. The Nyam Nyam brand is just a categories from the Arnotts company. Arnotts is a brand name which subsidiary of Campbell company. Campbell Soup Company is the leader of maker and marketer of soup in the word. In their Asia Pacific region, headquarter of Campbells company is located at Sydney, Australia. Campbell produce soups, biscuits, beverages and sauces to Australia, China, Korea, New Zealand, Japan, Philippines, Malaysia and Singapore. Campbell brand portfolio includes Arnotts, Tim Tam, Good Time, and Nyam Nyam biscuits. Arnotts brand is Australian first choice biscuit brand which occupy 60 percent market share. Arnotts includes savory and sweet flavours, such as Tim Tam and Tiny Teddy. In 1865, a small bakery opened in Newcastle, north of Sydney. It produced bread and biscuits to local people as well as the crews of ships that docked at the port temporarily. From these small beginnings, a company whose name is synonymous with Australias most favourite biscuits and snacks is being roused up now. Arnotts is one of the largest food companies in the Asia Pacific area. For Australians, Arnotts is not only than a food enterprise, its a piece of Australias history and national icon. It has grown up with Australian over the past 146 years. More than 50,000 Australians work together with Arnotts since past decades. Arnotts also employs several thousand people among Asia Pacific countries such as New Zealand, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia and Singapore. Arnotts ongoing improvement has been supported by the Campbell Soup Companys investment. Arnotts exported products continue to increase. Australian-made biscuit has been shipped to over 40 countries around the word including USA, Indonesia, Malaysia and etc. As one of the largest food companies in Asis Pacific, Arnotts also involve in environmental policy to fulfill its commitment to run business in a method that respects and protect our family. Arnotts also put efforts on reducing energy consumption. The company is one of the signatories to the National Packaging Covenant. Arnotts intend to minimize the use of packaging material and ensure the environmental influences of consumer packaging waste are under control and minimized. Campbells Malaysia operating since December 1995, is an established multinational food company based in Malaysia with headquarters in the USA and regional offices in Australia. Campbells Malaysia is a world leading company specializing in the manufacture and sales of soup and sauces. Readers Digest recognized Campbells world-class portfolio with an Outstanding Brand Performance award in 2002. Also, Campbell has achieved many awards and certifications. Campbells Arnotts is Asia Pacific business, headquartered in Sydney, Australia, and supplies biscuits, soups, sauces and beverages to Australia, New Zealand, Greater China, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Singapore. The brand portfolio includes Arnotts, Tim Tam, Nyam Nyam and Good Time biscuits, Campbells and Swanson soups, stocks and sauces and V8 beverages. They have production facilities in Australia, Indonesia, and Malaysia. They also market and distribute such brands as  Kimball  sauces and  Cheong Chan  ethnic Chinese sauces in Thailand, Brunei, and Vietnam. Product Features The Nyam Nyam product has a different kind of categories of flavor such as Chocolate, Chocoberry, Strawberry, Rice Crispy and Mr.Nyam Nyam. The first of the Nyam Nyam product come out is Mr.Nyam Nyam and is a original taste of the product. After that, the another of flavor of the Nyam Nyam product was come out in the marketplace. Besides that, the important of the box design is differently. Some of the box design is half of the flavor taste and biscuits. For instance, the Chocoberry has three of the place to put the biscuits and chocolate strawberry taste. Furthermore, the box of Nyam Nyam have tall or big size design. Besides, they also using different of color to differentiate which one is the flavor of the product. But, one of the Nyam Nyam product is different from the another which is Teddy Chocochips. The Teddy Chocochips using small teddy design and put inside a chocolate chips. In addition, the Mr.Nyam Nyam and Rice Crispy are using rice crispy but the color are different wh ich is the all pink color and another is colorful rice crispy. On the other hands, they use the tiger as a mascot to represent the Nyam Nyam brand. Most properly of the children will like to eat the Chocoberry flavor because of two taste. Colourful and small size packaging has the qualification to let kids to love it. Vivid designs attract the kids easily from other similar products. The Nyam Nyam logo with rainbow background represents the vigor of small kids. Nyam Nyam offer variety flavours includes chocoberry, chocolate, rise crispy, strawberry and sugar rice. For boys, they may prefer chocolate flavor and for girls, strawberry maybe their preference. Nyam Nyam is the preferable snacks as it includes biscuits and sweets jam. There are two sectors inside the packaging. One is space to put long biscuit sticks and another one is hold the jam. Kids can choose whether they want to moist the sticks with big amount of jam or least. Normally, kids will eat until the jam finish with their dirtied fingers, but they are enjoying with the product. The personalized tiger is the symbolism of Nyam Nyam. Tiger always emerge at the packaging to rouse the kids about Nyam Nyam. We see advertisements with the tiger promote Nyam Nyam. The image of the tiger is affine and it able closer to kids. The tiger put up it thumbs to praise Nyam Nyam, and it is always the most simple way to tell a kid this is a good product for them. On the packaging, the product image is printed and it tells the kids what is inside the product. When kids see it, they know the sweet jam and the biscuit is their preference and they will grab one. Nyam Nyam also provides appropriate calories of one kids daily need. Nyam Nyam is under the brands Arnotts. The flavor included chocoberry, chocolate and strawberry. The packaging consists of the brand Arnotts, the logo Nyam Nyam, the tiger and rainbow. Overall the design is more on cartoon styles with lots of colorful features. The product type is biscuit, flavor is cream and texture is crispy. The size of the cup is suitable enough to fit in the palm with one hand holding Nyam Nyam one hand holding the biscuit. There are two parts inside, with one fills with cream and another fills with stick biscuit. From the information and images of the packages, customers can clearly know about the product features, it is very obvious Current Target Market The target audience of the Nyam Nyam product is children between 6-12 years old. This is because most of the children will like to eat snack and sweet. So, the Arnotts company was create a flavor biscuit in a different kind of box design. Its attract the kids to buy their product and try every taste of the Nyam Nyam product. Before that, the kids was liked the Mr.Nyam Nyam and Rice Crispy which are different of color and chocolate flavor. Nowadays, most of the children will like to eat the chocoberry, chocolate and strawberry flavor and biscuits. In the marketplace, the children have a lot of choice to choose different kind of brands. So, Nyam Nyam was using advertisement to reinforce and capture kids attention. The children may choose Nyam Nyam product. The Arnotts was consider the kids healthy and take action to significantly reduce the level of TFAs(Trans Fatty Acids) in their biscuits by replacing partially hydrogenated animal fats with vegetable oils. It can be lets the children safe to consume the product. With the dispute around advertising to children set to intensify, Arnotts iterate it commitment to not target product to kids who under 12 years old. Arnotts implement its marketing to Children Policy. This action is encouraged by health professionals, academics and consumers. Recently, Arnotts is target at young males. It developed a strategy to reflect guys life facing truth. What reason to make guys dream of stopping in his track and leaving work? Arnotts new advertisement campaign want to rouse guys to enjoy back their relaxing childhood. Arnotts target market is women aged 25-40. The brand was targeting a niche high-class market to perform quality and prestige. Successful women over 30 were included as target audience. Nyam Nyam is targeting kids market. With the increases of purchasing power of people, demand for biscuits has increased. Nyam Nyam is affordable to kids with their own pocket money. Compared with other similar products, Nyam Nyam is attractive with its colorful packaging. Color is a visual language, it encourage participation. Kids are usually attracted by its packaging at first sight. Besides, Nyam Nyam is place in the market with other kids targeting products. The placement of the product also influences the sales of the products. Nyam Nyam place with other kids targeting products mean that they will be able to grab the products easily as usually they will go directly to the part which attract them. Current Existing Strategy The Arnotts company was known that have a lot of competitor in the marketplace. So, they come up a strategy to attract kids to buy their product. They create a competition about correct the sticker can win a grand prize. It also using media to lets kids know about the competition. This kind of the strategy can lead the children to join this event and consume the product. Besides, the prize of this competition can lets kids feel have a chance to win grand prize which is PS3. On the other hands, the Arnotts company are discuss technologies role in menu development. Nowadays, the development of Smartphones and social media are growth up. So, they using Facebook or Twitter to get feedback for guide menu development and recipe development. For the instance, most properly of the children are using smartphones or social media such as Facebook and it can be get consumer feedback and information. Using this information, to reinforce the product features and improve product management. After t hat, Arnotts company has promote the Nyam Nyam product through the advertisement about the chocoberry. In malaysia, most of the kids will like to watch TV and saw the Nyam Nyam advertisement. They will try go to retail or shopping center to buy the Nyam Nyam product. Arnotts current strategy include reduce environmental impact of packaging. It follows the instruction of sustainable packaging guidelines. It tries to reduce the negative effects of packaging to achieve resource efficiency. The implementation of design and procurement starting form a simple and friendly environmental method. For example, Arnotts explore major pack and case optimization opportunities across the range of sweet biscuits. It aspires to optimize packaging without compromising product quality and safety. Arnotts also take care of consumers accessibility. It improve easy-open functionality of it product. With the improvement, consumer will not face the problem of hard to open the packaging and it save effort and convenient for them. The trend today is all about green environment. Arnotts focuses on efficiently collect and recycle packaging. Packaging is a process waste recovery system at all manufacturing sites. Many of Arnotts existing packaging materials already contain recycled material. In2010, 58% of all Arnotts packaging had a minimum of 95% recycle materials. It has built up Green teams at each site to help improvement of waste management. Arnotts also encourages with companies who buy cardboard cases directly as packaging rather than recycling again. It also training staff on the colour coded waste stream manufacture. Follow by the moral values principles, Arnotts shared responsibility throughout whole supply chain. It will review each packaging element and provide consumer the correct concept around the issue of recycling and disposal of packaging. Arnotts continue this plan to encourage anti-littering behavior. It company also have a no-plastic bag policy at staff sites. The company gives a free multi-use bag for every employee. This is used to remind the staff to consider the environment when grocery shopping. Arnotts has sustainability resources and the responsibility to identifying initiative of carbon footprint can be reduced. Campbells Arnotts has a core business strategy which is advance a powerful commitment to sustainability and corporate social responsibility. Therefore, it always abides by its promise. Campbell Arnotts only advertise food and beverage products to children under 12 years old if those products represent healthy dietary choices. Their advertising messages are in the context of a healthy lifestyle, designed to encourage the target audience. Since healthy lifestyles became common nowadays, advertising messages is important to influence the kids and also their parents whom educate them. Effective advertising messages are able to affect the brand positioning and brand loyalty in consumers mind.

Summary of Fallen Angels by Walter Dean Myers Essay -- Fallen Angels E

Walter Dean Myers wrote the book Fallen Angels. It is about America's experiences in the Vietnam War as told by the main character in the book, Richie Perry. Perry goes through a lot of changes and sees some of his good friends die in battle fighting for a cause that no one could agree upon. The book has 4 other main characters, Lobel, Johnson, Brunner, and Peewee. The book starts off talking about the experiences of Perry while he is serving in Vietnam. His best friend, Peewee becomes instant friends with each other when they meet in the barracks. Peewee helps Perry by standing up for him during several disputes. Peewee and Perry wake up the next morning and find out that they are to go on patrol in order to search out and destroy any VÃ ®et CÃ ´ng soldiers that they encounter. The patrol lasts for a few hours and Peewee and Perry are just about to camp, when a mutual friend of Peewee and Perry drops out of formation for a second and steps on a land mine, killing him instantly. Perry is so upset by this and needs Peewee to help him talk out his feelings of grief for the loss of the friend. Peewee and Perry have a few days to rest, because they have a weekend pass and it grants them 48 hours of freedom. They go to Saigon and have a few drinks and generally have fun, before they have to report back to their unit, which is stationed in the nort hern highlands of South Vietnam. When they return, they are happy that they made good use of their weekend passes in Saigon. The next...

Fender Musical Instruments Corporation Essay

Fender is an American manufacturer of stringed instruments and amplifiers based out of Scottsdale, Arizona. The privately held company was founded by Clarence Leonidas â€Å"Leo† Fender in Clifornia in 1946. The company specializes in solid body electric guitars such as the Stratocaster and Telecaster, and solid body electric bass guitars such as the Precision and Jazz models. Fender instruments are widely considered to be the standard to which most other electric guitars are measured. As marketing manager, I have been asked to develop a brand extension within Fender, in this case, we have decided to move into percussion instruments, specifically drum kits. We will be developing 3 new models of Fender drum kits, a six, seven and eight piece kit. The six piece kit will be made up of a snare drum, four tom toms and a bass drum. The seven piece kit will be similar, with the addition of another tom tom, and finally the eight piece will be similar to the seven piece, with the addition of a second bass drum. All drums will be sold without cymbals and hi-hats; however all will include a kick pedal for the base drum. The objective of this extension is to begin moving Fender into new instruments, especially to develop a line of percussion instruments, with the future goal of developing a percussion department within the company, which will in turn lead to the manufacturing and sale of bongo drums, conga drums and tambourines. We feel that this area of the market for musical instruments has a clear niche gap within it that Fender can fill. With our excellent reputation within the industry, we feel customers will have the brand loyalty to purchase Fender drums. We also feel that with our world class team of developers and creators, and having the resources to use only the finest wood, we can create a drum kit that will be used by the most influential and talented drummers in the world. This will of course lead to worldwide sales of Fender drums, increasing sales to unprecedented levels, which in turn will give us the chance to employee a greater number of people, all while creating a whole new division within the organization, greatly adding to the legacy of Fender instruments. Our target market is the total number of potential buyers for our product. Among this broad group, we have our primary and secondary target markets. Our primary market in this case will be those most likely to buy our new product. This will mainly be drummers and musical institutions, for example music schools, colleges and workshops. Our secondary market, those who have the next greatest potential to buy now or in the future, will be musicians of all instruments; non-musicians who we hope will to purchase a kit and learn to play; and advertisement companies or agencies. Our primary market is simple, drummers drum. They need a drum kit, and if we can convince them of the superior quality and craftsmanship of Fender drums, we hope they will use Fender exclusively. A similar approach is being taken when marketing towards musical institutions. Our secondary market however will be more difficult. Despite the fact that drums are used in many forms of music, musicians in general who we will target will specifically be guitarists, bass players and singers. We feel these players might be interested as many will already be playing music in a similar style to heavier, drum-orientated sound, as opposed to a classical trumpet player for example. We also feel that these players will very likely be familiar with the Fender brand, again as opposed to a musician playing an instrument in which Fender does not specialize. They will therefore be familiar with our high quality level of workmanship and reliability. We will have many well established brands to compete with within the marketplace. Companies such as Pearl, Tama, Evans and C&C are highly regarded within the drumming community and have spent years building u brand loyalty among their customers. Of these companies, Pearl and Tama will be our strongest competitors. Pearl is a multinational company, founded in 1952, specializing in percussion instruments. They cover a huge range of kits, including six, seven, and eight piece kits similar to the kits we will be producing. Their Vision, Masters and Session models are widely popular and well prices. Tama is a sub division of the Hoshino Gakko Group, a company specializing in Tama drums and Ibenez guitars. Like Pearl, Tama produces well crafted, highly priced drum kits and have a great reputation worldwide for quality. Fender Drums – Marketing Strategy Price We will be selling our three kits (six, seven and eight piece) directly from our Fender stores worldwide for $1499, $1799 and $2199 respectively. We have spent many months analyzing our competitors’ marketing prices and feel that these prices offer a great deal for customers. For example, Pearl and Tama sell their six piece kits for $1599 and $1649 respectively. This places our product at a lower price range than both. We have also reached a deal with Sabian (manufacturer of hi-hats and cymbals) to sell our six piece kit with four of their cymbals as a bundle deal. Regarding this deal, we will receive $50 less per kit than when sold separately, however we feel Sabian to be a highly regarded company who customers have built up a great relationship with and therefore we hope to garner some of their brand loyalty to introduce new players to our product. Our seven and eight piece kits will be sold individually only for the foreseeable future. Our seven piece kit is being sold at the same price as those offered by Pearl and Tama, while our eight piece kit is $100 cheaper than Tama’s eight piece kit. Ours is $50 more expensive than Pearl’s eight piece kit; however we feel our product to be vastly superior to theirs, and therefore do not anticipate this slight difference as being problematic. We will also be offering out 100 kits initially to established artists as endorsements. These kits will be distributed, free of charge, to 42 pre-selected musicians, in the hope that by being used by these artists, other musicians who are influenced by these drummers will be eager to also purchase a kit. In addition, our seven piece will contain a 13 x 10 tom tom and our eight piece will include a 20 x 16 bass drum. We will offer a range of spin off products which can be attached onto each kit, including a cowbell, tambourine and jam block. Each kit will be available in three colors (red, green and black) and will be sold with safety casing as an additional extra. They will be branded with the Fender logo on the top right portion of the front of the bass drum. Our products will vary to competitors’ products in many ways. Our drums are different sizes, therefore giving out a slightly different tone and sound. All drums a headed with smooth emperor drum skins, which resonate for longer and give a crisper, more accurate tone. Only the finest maple and rosewood will be used to ensure the most satisfying sound and timbre. Place Our products will be available from all Fender stores throughout Australia, Europe and America. We hope, over the next 12 months, to establish a relationship with stores throughout Asia and South America to sell Fender drums. Our products will also be available from our online store, as well as through third party sellers such as Amazon and EBay. Our products will also be available for both use and purchase at many trade fairs throughout America and Australia over the next six months. Promotion We have many options when considering methods of promotion. As the leader in musical instruments worldwide, with 312 stores, this gives us a great starting point. All stores will stock our kits, displaying them front and center within their stores, to be sure customers will be quickly aware of them. We regularly host trade fairs across the world, which will also give us another means of advertising. We will be taking our advertising in many of the world’s most read magazines (such as Rolling Stone, News and Time), newspapers (NY Post, Sydney Morning Herald and British Times) and websites (BBC, Dailymail, and TMZ). We will advertise and promote through television and radio also. I feel our greatest promotion will be through Sponsorship. We have signed 42 of the greatest drummers currently playing to use our kits. Drummers like Chad Smith (Red Hot Chili Peppers), Lars Ulrich (Metallica), Josh Freese (Nine Inch Nails) and Nathan Followill (Kings of Leon) all have huge fan bases of drummers, who we hope will be eager to try and purchase our kits once they realize their influences are also using them. Our competitors also use many of these means of advertising, however we feel with our larger budget, and many more stores internationally, we have a much larger platform to promote from. We will begin promotion as of September 2014, hoping to garner enough attention to our product before the Christmas rush of product purchasing begins. While our product is not a ‘seasonal’ product, we feel it would be a good time to release these kits. In closing, regarding which of the 4Ps will be the most influential initially on our product, I believe it will be our product itself. Our price is very competitive; we feel strongly this will not be a problem. Our promotion will be huge, using magazines, radio, TV, internet, billboards, instore advertising, sponsorship and trade shows among other means. Our placement options are huge. With our worldwide brand, we can sell our product worldwide. However, our product itself, with its world class development, beautiful tone, ease of use, gorgeous design and competitive price will stand up for itself as a leader in drumming products, and over time, we hope will be the number one drum kit on the market. Sources http://www.smarta.com/advice/sales-and-marketing/advertising-and-marketing/how-to-develop-a-marketing-strategy/ View as multi-pages

How are evil and the supernatural presented in each of the stories? Essay

‘The Black Cat’ and ‘The Squaw’ are both short stories from the sub-genre of horror fiction. How are evil and the supernatural presented in each of the stories? Compare and contrast the two stories. Horror stories have common ingredients, including, a ruined gothic castle with monsters such as vampires and werewolves. Horror stories generally play on fear of the unknown. They cause the reader to be afraid of what they are going to see that they don’t expect. When horror stories are also short stories, they benefit from this. A larger amount of dramatic events can take place in a short space of time. If the main character of a horror story that wasn’t a short story died very near the end, the whole story would be ruined. This means that readers of short horror stories are shocked much more. In the two stories, evil and the supernatural are not presented in the way that they are normally in short stories. They are presented in a way to make the reader think about them, and how they can arise. This is unlike most horror stories, in which the aim of the story is just to shock and scare the reader. The two stories are entitled ‘The Black Cat’ and ‘The Squaw’. The tiles of stories can tell the reader about them. The Black Cat is a short story about a man who is driven to murder by his cat. The Squaw is also a short story, about a man who kills a kitten, and is then killed by its mother, in an act of revenge. The titles mean that the reader to has impressions of what the stories are about as soon as they start reading them. The title, The Black Cat gives the reader a feeling that the story is going to involve evil or magic, in some way, because black cats are commonly thought of as bad or evil, and as witches in disguise, however, when the reader reads the title, The Squaw, they are given a much less vivid impression. A squaw is an American Indian woman or wife, but most people don’t know this. This means that the reader doesn’t really know what to expect from the story. I believe The Black Cat to be better titled than The Squaw, because it is more deep and meaningful. It is deliberately intended to make the reader think that the black cat is bad, but it is the cat that turns out to be the victim. This illuminates how the reader will always make the assumption that a black cat will be evil. The cat in The Squaw is said to be like a squaw, and I believe that this is the only reason it is titled like this. The beginnings of stories are important for giving the reader an impression of what is to come. The beginnings of the two stories do not give particularly much atmosphere of the supernatural. At the beginning of The Squaw, the narrator just accounts about how he and his wife are on their honeymoon, and how they meet Elias Hutcheson. The reader is given no indication that it is a horror story throughout the beginning of the story. Similarly, at the beginning of The Black Cat, the reader does not receive much of an impression of the supernatural. The character just seems to introduce himself. The only clue the reader receives about the supernatural is the way the cat is introduced into the story. At the beginning of The Black Cat, there are a few clues about what will happen later in the story. The narrator accounts about how the events that happens in the story â€Å"have terrified-have tortured-have destroyed me† He also states that he is going to be hung, whereas the beginning of The Squaw provides the reader with no clues about what happens later. The beginnings of the stories are quite different. The opening of The Squaw is just like a normal non-horror story and the opening of The Black Cat is a character confiding in the reader about what has happened to him and how he has been affected. The atmosphere and setting give the reader a strong background feeling about the story. The typical setting of a horror story is a lonely, dark place, like a ruined gothic castle. The setting of The Black Cat is not much like this. It is mainly set inside the man’s head, and so does not contain many references to what happens outside in the world. The reader is not given much information about where the man lives, and the actual physical setting of the story. This is because the story is intended to primarily portray the emotions of the character over his actions. The setting of The Squaw is very different to this, although it is also unlike that of a conventional horror story. The setting is very normal and pleasant. The narrator and his wife are on their honeymoon, and the reader is told how the town is very pleasant, because the sun is shining, and the couple are just lazing about enjoying themselves. It comes as a complete shock when the kitten is killed. After this happens, it is still unlike a normal horror story setting, until right at the end, when the cat appears and kills the man. The setting of The Black Cat adds to its overall effect very well, because the story is supposed to show his emotions, and it is a story about a man telling the reader how he became evil and mad, as does the setting of The Squaw, which shows that evil can occur in any place, not just in a typical gothic horror story setting. Tension is usually viewed as the most important element of the traditional horror story. It keeps the reader interested in the story, and causes them to be scared of what may happen next. Tension is not used to full effect in the two stories. The reader is not given much information in either of them to trigger their imagination and get them thinking about what will happen next. For example, in The Black Cat, the main events happen totally unexpectedly, without any tense build up. In The Squaw, there is a bit of tension, that concerns the reader wondering what the cat is going to do to the man, but there is only one very big event at the end of the story, also without much built up tension. Poe definitely aims to shock the reader in The Black Cat, rather than surprise them. A surprise is when something unexpected happens, but it is usually a good event, and the person it happens to often has some kind of a clue that it will happen. A shock is when something very unexpected happens. It is almost always a bad event, and the person always has no clue whatsoever that it will happen. The reader is shocked on multiple occasions, such as when the narrator cuts his cat’s eye out, when he hangs the cat, and when he murders his wife. I believe that Poe never surprises the reader, and that he has no intention of doing so. In The Black Cat, because the reader anticipates the man to do something evil at different points, this affects their feeling on the evil inside the man. They expect the man to commit more acts of evil, but at the same time, they are not sure whether the source of evil may change to become the cat. On the contrary, Stoker aims to surprise the reader. The reader knows throughout the story that the cat is going to get its revenge some way. When it kills Hutcheson, this is a surprise, because the reader expects it to happen. It may be considered as a bad event, thus being a shock, but it may also be considered a bit like a good thing in a way, because he deserved to die. This feeling of someone deserving an act of revenge adds to the horror theme of the story. The only shock in the story is when the kitten is killed. For these reasons, the usage of shock and surprise in the two stories is very different. The two men who kill the cats in the two stories have very important roles in the plot, as do their characters. The narrator in The Black Cat seems very emotional. He often confides in the reader about how The Black Cat drives him to insanity, whereas Elias P. Hutcheson is not given a particularly prominent character, and the reader does not learn much about his emotions. In The Black Cat, the narrator is used as the main character, to confide in the reader, about his experiences. In this way, the author brings about the questions about evil and the supernatural. In The Squaw, Hutcheson is instead used as a tool for the plot to be developed. He doesn’t have any visible emotions shown. He seems only to be in the story to kill the kitten, and then to be killed at the end. The reader feels sorry for the narrator in The Black Cat, because he is driven to madness and he is very hopeless, but they also feel hatred for him because of all of the cruel things he does. The cats are probably the most important elements in both of the stories. In The Black Cat, the cat is initially introduced amongst the narrator’s other pets, and in The Squaw, the cat is introduced when the characters see it with its kitten. Unlike at the beginning of The Squaw, at the beginning of The Black Cat, the reader is given a small hint of the supernatural powers of the cat, in the title, because black cats are said to be bad luck, and witches in disguise. When the cat is introduced, it is written in italics. This gives the reader an obvious clue that it plays a big part in the story. In The Squaw, the reader is given no hint whatsoever that the cat has any supernatural powers. It is only at the very end, when the cat kills the man that the reader believes that it may have something out of the ordinary about it, although it never truly seems to have any actual supernatural powers, other than the way it strangely strives to get its revenge, and the way it has the intelligence to kill the man in the way it does. Later on in The Black Cat, the reader is given a larger impression that the cat is supernatural; by the narrator acting like it is driving him to madness. The image of the cat ends up on the wall of the burned down house, and another cat comes into the story, that seems to really be the same cat, and it also has a mark that turns into the shape of the gallows. These things would not happen if there was not an intention of the writer for the cat to be somehow supernatural. On the other hand, in The Squaw, the reader is not given very much of an impression that the cat has any supernatural powers until at the very end. When the cat tries to follow the man, the reader just believes it to just be a normal cat, because it does not succeed. The only hint the reader gets at this point is the amount of hatred the cat seems to show. The author comments on how Hutcheson and the narrator’s wife notice this. This is also seen in how the cat tries so hard to reach Hutcheson, to take its revenge, by desperately trying to jump up a huge wall that is seen as totally impossible by the other characters, which are not maddened by anger. As the story of The Black Cat progresses, the reader thinks of the cat as both a victim of evil, and a source of evil. At the very beginning, the reader believes that the cat will be the source of evil, because black cats are generally thought of as such. When it’s eye is cut out, this is when the reader begins to think of it as a complete victim, but as the narrator becomes more demented, they begin to think of it as somehow causing him to do this, and as having some sort of special power. In The Black Cat, the cat is used as a tool to bring out the narrator’s character, whereas in The Squaw, the cat is used to provide a victim and a source of evil, to make the reader think about the true meaning of evil. The way the reader recognizes the two stories can vary a lot. They are primarily about the two cats, and whether or not they are the sources of evil in the stories. This means that the reader’s understanding of the stories entirely depends on what they think of the cat. Both of the stories explore the meaning of the nature of evil. The nature of evil is very disputable in both of the stories. They are primarily about the question of whether it is the men or the cats that are the sources of evil. They show that it is really the men who are actually the sources of evil. The stories both have this theme, and both illustrate the men to be the sources of evil, making them similar. In The Black Cat, the man is somehow provoked by the cat to become evil, but in The Squaw, the man is the one to initiate the trouble between himself and the cat, by killing the kitten, meaning that the ways the two men come to be the sources of evil are different. Usually in horror fiction, it is the stereotypical character, like the cat that is the source of evil, and the people are usually victims. The two stories show that these are misconceptions. They are deliberately controversial. The narrative structures of the stories greatly affect the way in which the reader understands them. As does The Squaw, The Black Cat has a first person narrative. Because of this, the reader can realise the character’s feelings and emotions to a much greater extent than if it had a third person narrative. This affects the reader’s thoughts about the evil of this character. Because they can realise his feelings, he can tell them why he did things, and his justifications for them. They can then judge for themselves whether he has good reason to do things, and whether or not he is evil. The first person narrative gives the reader an insight into the mind of the evil man. This helps to show them that evil occurs for a reason, and that people are evil because of something that has happened, or a motive that they have. It also implies that evil people are not just the bad things in stories for people hate without thinking about why they evil. Poe tries hard to show this in his story. The first person perspective of The Squaw also contributes to the evil in the story, but in a very different way. The narrator seems quite neutral and unfazed throughout the story. He is nothing like a typical horror story character, and he makes it seem very unconventional. He helps to make the source of evil disputable. His character makes the reader think about what the real evil in the story is. The narrator’s character helps the implication that a source of evil is not always where it first seems to be. The evil may be in something or someone that is never expected at first, and that it is not always in the clichà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½d, expected place. The viewpoints of the authors are important in understanding the stories, because they tell us the reasons for the stories being written, and how the authors understand the natures of evil and the supernatural. I believe that Poe understands that evil and the supernatural can affect anyone, and that no one is born evil and I believe that his purpose in writing The Black Cat was to give an insight into the mind of someone who goes mad. I believe he wanted to show that people are driven to do evil things, and they do not just suddenly turn evil and crazy. He wanted to show that evil people are people too, like everyone else. This does not fit the general trend in horror stories very well. Usually, the evil character is just there to be someone for the reader to dislike and fear. The reader is never usually shown any reason for the person to have become evil. Stoker believes that evil is not always how and where it seems, as Poe also does, and I believe that he wrote The Squaw to show this. This fits the horror story genre in the same way as The Black Cat does because it is not like most horror stories. Like The Black Cat, it depicts a different meaning to evil and the supernatural, and it doesn’t rely on clichà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s. I believe that evil and the supernatural are well presented in the both of the stories. Both of the authors wrote the stories to give a deeper meaning to the way they are depicted in horror stories. Neither of the two stories is typical of the horror story genre. They are both deliberately meant to show the different ways that evil and the supernatural can exist, that are not usually depicted in horror short stories. I believe The Black Cat to be the more effective as a horror story. The way it depicts the mind of a madman is more effective in horrifying the reader. His feelings and reactions give the reader a chilling and disturbing insight into the mind of an evil, twisted murderer.